Regulating organs, from past to present – Part Three

John Harrison had shown how, with skilful construction and some ambitious technical advances, a marine chronometer with a verge escapement could be made to function with remarkable precision Having equipped several chronometers with this type of escapement, from 1780 Arnold turned his attention to a new type of spring detent escapement Robert Robin, horloger ordinaire to the Court of Marie-Antoinette, devised another type of escapement in 1793 that combined the precision and power of a detent with the security of a lever.

Following the invention of the balance spring, attempts were made at various points in history to create the most efficient watch escapement possible Historians consider his invention, in 1695, to be the first deadbeat escapement Examples from the early nineteenth century include the "Coup-perdu" escapement by Paul Garnier, a carriage-clock maker, and the Simplex deadbeat escapement made by Claude Saunier in Paris.

None were able to surpass Graham's cylinder escapement. . Source